Hpaga lam hta grau nna jai lang ai nbung galai ai jak langai rai nga ai shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) gaw, "shell maga" (shell hte tube bundle lapran hka lwi ai shara) hte "tube maga" (tube bundle hte hka lwi ai shara) lahkawng yan a matu galaw da ai dual-flow structure hpe lang ai. Shi a madung akyu ni gaw ngang grin ai, galai shai lu ai, kam hpa mai ai lam ni hta rai tim, npawt nhpang arawn alai ni a majaw shadawn sharam ai lam nkau mi nga ai. Ndai sawk sagawn ai lam gaw ndai n-gun atsam hte gawng kya ai lam ni hpe hkrak tup sawk sagawn na rai nna, shanhte a bungli galaw ai lamu ga jarit ni hpe madi madun ai laksan jai lang ai mabyin masa ni hte:
Madung akyu ni: Hkrak ai bungli masa ni a matu htap htuk ai, kam hpa mai ai lam ngang kang ai
Shell hte tube heat exchanger ni a akyu gaw, ngang kang ai hkrang masa hte kungkyang ai galaw shapraw ai ladat a majaw rai nga ai, grau nna, n-gun kaba, n-gun kaba, hka lwi ai lam kaba hte kaga grai sawng ai bungli masa ni a matu htuk manu ai, dai hpe 5 points hku nna shingdaw mai ai:
1. N-gun kaba ai hte nbung katsi ai hpe hkam sharang lu ai, npawt nhpang ngang grin ai
Dai shell tube zawn re ai shell (galaw madang hku nna carbon n-gang, n-gang n-gang (sh) n-gang n-gang n-gang) hte katsi ai galai shai ai n-gang (n-gang n-gang n-gang pipe, n-gang n-gang pipe zawn re ai ni) hpe bunghku kaba hte galaw da ai, dai gaw bungli galaw ai n-gun kaba (30MPa jan du hkra) hpe hkam sharang lu nna, n-gun kaba ai n-gun hpe hkam sharang lu ai (30MPa jan du hkra) hte n-gun kaba ai n-gun hpe hkam sharang lu ai. n-gun galai shai ai (sh) thermal shock hpe hkam la lu ai.
Ga shadawn, petrochemical hpaga lam hta, catalytic cracking unit ni hta lang ai shell hte tube heat exchangers ni gaw, 400℃jan ai nbung katsi ai hte 10MPa jan ai n-gun hpe aten galu hkam sharang lu nna, kaga nbung galai ai jak amyu myu (exchangers plate heat zawn re ai) ni hta, bungli galaw ai lam hta hkrat sum ai lam gaw yawm ai.
2. Hpaga lam hta ra kadawn ai lam a matu htap htuk ai, galaw shapraw ai lam kaba
Dai hka htung hpe "multi-hka htung galaw ai ladat" (2-hpaji, 4-hpaji zawn re ai) hku nna galaw mai ai, shell hka htung gaw baffle plate hku nna hka hpe garan gachyan ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Laknak langai a nbung hpe htawt sit ai shara gaw square meter hkying hkum law law du wa lu nna, dai gaw lwi ai hka kaba ni a nbung hpe htawt sit ra ai lam ni hpe hkap la lu ai (power plant hta condenser hte refrigeration system kaba hta katsi ai hka hpe katsi ai hku galai shai ai zawn re ai ni).
Shadawn shadang: plate n-gun galai ai jak gaw plate lamu ga jarit hte shadawn sharam da ai, unit langai a n-gun galai ai shara kaba dik htum gaw 1000m2 hta n jan ai, shell hte tube gaw 5000m2 hpe loi loi hte lai di lu ai, dai gaw kaba ai-industrial power hte elect zawn re ai hpaga lam masa ni a matu grau htap htuk ai.
3. Fluid hpe galai shai lu ai atsam gaw dam lada ai, yak hkak ai media ni hte htap htuk ai
Viscosity kaba ai, n-gun kaji ai hte n-gun n law ai ntsin ni hpe hparan na matu lang mai ai (laksan hkrang shapraw ai lam hte hpawng de ra ai, ga shadawn, diameter kaba ai n-gun galai shai ai hka htung, anti-clogging baffle):
Viscous fluids (crude oil, lubricating oil zawn re ai) ni a matu, shell maga na baffle gaw hka lamu ga jarit hpe daw kau ya lu nna, hka hpe n-gun shayawm ya lu ai;
Hka hta n-gun ja ai n-gun loi mi (pulp, waste water zawn re ai) lawm ai hka a matu, n-gun n rawng hkra φ25mm (sh) dai hta jan ai coarse pipe hpe lata mai ai;
Plate heat exchanger hpe particles (sh) viscous fluids ni a majaw pat shingdang na matu loi ai, hpa majaw nga yang, plate lapran na gap kaji (galaw madang 2~5mm) nga ai, shi a htuk manu ai atsam gaw shell hte tube hta grau yawm ai.
4. Maintenance manu n law ai hte gram lajang na matu shim lum ai lam law ai
Shell hte tube nbung galai shai ai jak law malawng (floating head type, U-tube zawn re ai) hpe tsep kawp shaw la lu ai majaw, hka htung hte shell hpe jak hte jasan jaseng lu ai (high-pressure water jet ecleaning zawn re ai) shing nrai, hkra machyi mat ai nbung galai shai ai jak ni hpe whoout equip hte galai shai lu ai,
Ga shadawn, tsi hpaga hpung langai a cooler hpe shata kru shagu gram lajang ai. Floating head shell tube gaw tube bundle hpe shaw la nna, jasan jaseng nna bai gram lajang ngut na matu 1-2 ya sha ra ai, plate heat exchanger hpe gaw plate latsa daram hpe garan kau ra ai, gram lajang ai aten gaw 3-5 ya du hkra rai nga ai.
5. Kungkyang ai galaw shapraw ai ladat hte hkang lu ai manu
Shell hte tube a madung daw ni (shell, tube bundle, tube sheet) ni gaw madang masat da ai hku galaw ai, yak hkak ai n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun rawng ai arung arai ni hpe lata ai lam gaw n-gun rawng ai (carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, etc.), bungli galaw ai masa ni hte maren manu dan dik htum {{1}me;
Shadawn shadang: n-gun n law ai n-gun galai ai jak ni (spiral plate, plate shell zawn re ai ni) gaw, n-gun galai shai ai shara langai sha re ai shell hte tube n-gun galai ai jak ni hta, galaw shapraw ai manu hta 20%~50% grau law ai, hpa majaw nga yang, shanhte a hkrang masa gaw grai sawng ai hte, shanhte ra sharawng ai hku gram lajang ai lam grai law ai majaw re.
Madung hkra machyi ai lam ni: shadawn sharam sha galaw lu ai atsam hte shara n law ai, shadawn sharam sha htuk manu ai masa ni
Shell hte tube a n kaja ai lam ni gaw, "shell fluid a n--uniform flow of shell" hte "relatively loose structure" ngu ai shi a arawn alai ni a majaw rai nga ai, dai ni gaw, nbung hpe htawt sit ai atsam hte shara hpe jai lang ai lam hta grai ra kadawn ai mabyin masa ni hta dan dawng ai n-gun kya ai lam ni nga ai. Grau nna, lam 4 hku nna shingdaw mai ai:
1. Katsi ai hpe htawt sit lu ai atsam n law ai hte n-gun lang ai lam grai law ai
Shell maga na ntsin hpe baffle hte pat da ai majaw, "si ai shara" (hka n-gun rawng ai shara) byin wa na matu loi ai, hka lwi ai n-gun gaw, hka htung maga na hta grau n law ai (madung hku nna 0.5~2m/s), dai majaw shell maga na ntsin htawt sit ai coefficient gaw n law ai (hka n-gun yawng he{hka}at2 hpe galai shai ai shaloi). 1000~3000 daram W/(m2·℃));
Shadawn shadang: plate nbung galai shai ai jak a majaw, plate lapran na hka gaw n-gun ja ai (flow rate 1~3m/s), nbung galai shai ai coefficient yawng gaw 3000~6000 W/(m2·℃) du lu ai, nbung galai shai ra ai lam langai sha npu hta, shell hte tube n-gun lang ai lam gaw pla.te hta 15%~30% grau law ai.
2. Size kaba hte shara n law ai hpe jai lang ai
Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun n law ai n-gun galai shai ai atsam hpe lu la na matu, shell hte tube gaw n-gun galai shai ai shara kaba ra ai majaw, jak rung a n-gun hte n-gun gaw compact n-gun galai shai ai jak hta grau kaba ai;
Ga shadawn, 1000kW daram katsi ai hpe htawt sit lu na matu, shell hte tube a volume gaw 20~30m3 daram rai nna, plate gaw 5~8m3 sha ra ai majaw, shell hte tube gaw shara n law ai masa lam ni (tsi mawan san seng ai galai shai ai nta, sanghpaw he zawn re ai) ni a matu n htap htuk ai.
3. Shell hpe jasan jaseng na matu yak ai hte scale up galaw na matu loi ai .
Tube bundle hpe shaw la mai tim, shell kata hpe tsep kawp jasan jaseng na matu yak ai (grau nna baffle hte shell lapran na gap, tube bundle lapran na shara kaji hpe). Scale galaw na matu loi ai ntsin (hka n-gun ja ai hte n san seng ai-lawm ai process fluid zawn re ai ntsin) hpe galaw ai rai yang, shell kata na scaling layer gaw n-gun ja wa nna, n-gun htawt sit ai atsam yawm mat na re (scaling shagu hta n-gun jat wa ai shaloi 10%~15% n-gun yawm mat na re);
Shadawn shadang: all-welded plate heat exchanger gaw CIP (online cleaning) ladat hku nna shell kata na si ai shara n nga ai hpe jasan jaseng lu ai, scaling manghkang gaw shell tube amyu hta grau n law ai.
4. Shadawn sharam ai katsi ai hpe gram lajang lu ai atsam hte jai lang mai ai katsi ai shai hkat ai ginra
Fixed tube sheet shell hte tube amyu (htuk manu ai hkrang) hta, hka htung hpe shell hte ngang ngang matut da ai. Tube lwi ai hte shell lwi ai lapran na nbung laru shai hkat ai lam grai kaba ai rai yang (50℃jan zawn re ai), tube shell gaw nbung laru jat wa ai coefficients n bung ai majaw nbung laru n-gun hpe shabyin ya na rai nna, dai gaw tube sheet hpe hkrang shapraw kau ya lu ai (sh) nbung galai shai ai hka htung hpe hka lim kau ya lu ai majaw, " forexpansion hpe jung ra ai.
Floating head amyu hte U{0}}tube amyu gaw thermal compensation a manghkang hpe hparan ya lu tim, npawt nhpang gaw grau sawng ai (manu 15%~20% jat wa ai), U-tube amyu a tube course hpe jasan jaseng na matu yak ai (U-tube a kata maga hpe n mai hkra ai).
Summary: Tatut jai lang mai ai mabyin masa ni gaw lata ai lam hpe dawdan ya ai
Shell hte tube heat exchanger gaw "all-purpose equipment" n re, shi hpe lata ai lam hpe bungli galaw ai masa ni hpe ahkyak shatai ai lam hte hpawng de ra ai:
● Ahkyak ai lata la ai lam ni:n-gun kaba ai hte n-gun kaba ai (petrochemical reaction n-gun galai shai ai zawn re ai), hka lwi ai lam kaba (power plant condenser zawn re ai), particle/n-gun kaba ai hka (pulp cooling zawn re ai), gram lajang ai lam hta grai shim lum ra ai bungli masa ni;
● Scene hpe atsawm lata la u:shara n law ai (san seng ai bungli nta zawn re ai), n-gun n law ai (civil heating zawn re ai), shadawn shadang loi ai hte ayan san seng ai (lu sha hte lu sha ni hpe n-gun n rawng hkra galaw ai zawn re ai) shingran ni (grau hpaji jaw ai plate, spiral plate hte kaga compact heat exchanger ni).
Tsun mayu ai gaw, shell hte tube heat exchangers ni gaw, bungli galaw ai shara hta "kam mai ai player ni" rai nna, yak hkak ai hte yak hkak ai bungli masa ni hta galai shai n mai ai, raitim, shanhte gaw, n-gun ja ai hte n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai hpe tam ai hta, grau htap htuk ai heat exchange arung arai ni hpe shara jaw ra ai.
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